Which type of liability is based on a tort committed against a person or their property?

Civil liability pertains specifically to legal obligations that arise from civil wrongs, known as torts. A tort is a wrongful act that causes harm or loss to an individual or their property, which is the essence of civil liability. This can include a wide range of situations, such as personal injury, property damage, or defamation.

When someone commits a tort, the injured party may seek compensation for damages through a civil lawsuit. This is different from criminal liability, which involves offenses against the state and can result in criminal penalties like imprisonment or fines. Administrative liability involves violations of regulations enforced by government agencies, while contractual liability relates to breaches of agreements between parties. Both administrative and contractual liabilities do not directly stem from tortious conduct against a person or their property like civil liability does.